A number of teachers or students have asked about the counting numbers past 109. I scoured the web and here are the results:

This table is the best account I have of the correct prefixes for the the counting numbers. The table is lifted and slightly editted from Large Numbers which contains lots of details, other facts, and alternative naming systems. I would suggest Notable Properties of Specific Numbers as well. Names for Large Numbers also provides the same information.

Note that the site also cites 10100 as a googol, and 10google = 1010100 as a googolplex.

103 N + 3 N name Latin
word for N		 SI prefixes
101 - deca(da) or deka(dk), deci(d)
102 - hundred hecto(h), centi(c)
103 0 thousand kilo(k), milli(m)
210 1024 kibi(ki)
104 myriad myria(my)
106 1 million Mega(M), micro(μ)
220 1048576 Mebi(Mi)
109 2 billion duo Giga(G), nano(n)
230 1073741824 Gibi(Gi)
1012 3 trillion tres Tera(T), pico(p)
240 1099511627776 Tebi(Ti)
1015 4 quadrillion quatuor Peta(P), femto(f)
250 1125899906842624 Pebi(Pi)
1018 5 quintillion quinque Exa(E), atto(a)
260 1152921504606846976 Exbi(Ei)
1021 6 sextillion sex Zetta(Z), Hepa, zepto(z), ento
270 1180591620717411303424 zebi(Zi)
1024 7 septillion septem Yotta or Yotto(Y), Otta, yocto(y), fito
280 1208925819614629174706176 Yobi(Yi)
1027 8 octillion octo Novetta, Xenta, novemo, xenno
290 1237940039285380274899124224 Nobi(Ni), Xebi(Xi)
1030 9 nonillion novem Decetta, Wekta, decemo, weko
2100 1267650600228229401496703205376 Debi(Di), Webi(Wi)
1033 10 decillion decem Vendeka, vendeko
1036 11 undecillion undecim Udekta, udeko
1039 12 duodecillion duodecim
1054 17 septdecillion, septendecillion ?
1060 19 nondecillion, novemdecillion ?
1063 20 vigintillion viginti
1066 21 unvigintillion viginti unus (?)
1069 22 duovigintillion viginti duo
1090 29 vigintinonillion viginti novem
1099 32 duotrigintillion triginta duo
10102 33 trestrigintillion triginta tres
10123 40 quadragintillion quadraginta
10138 45 quinto-quadragintillion quadraginta quintus
10261 86 sexoctogintillion octoginta sextus
10303 100 centillion centum
10309 102 duocentillion centum duo
10312 103 trecentillion centum tres
10351 116 centumsedecillion centum sedecem
10366 121 primo-vigesimo-centillion centum viginta uno (?)
10402 133 trestrigintacentillion centum triginta tres
10603 200 ducentillion ducenti/ae/a
10624 207 septenducentillion ducenti duo
10903 300 trecentillion trecenti
102421 806 sexoctingentillion octingenti sex
103003 1000 millillion mille
103000003 1000000 milli-millillion ?

Also, here is a table of the fractional prefixes:

milli 10-3
micro 10-6
nano 10-9
pico 10-12
femto 10-15
atto 10-18
zepto 10-21
yocto 10-24